• br AR signals and chemosensitivity in urothelial cancer

  2025-03-29

  

  AR signals and chemosensitivity in urothelial cancer A significant amount of patients with urothelial cancer fail to respond to cisplatin-based systemic chemotherapy, although it remains the mainstay of successful management of advanced disease. However, underlying mechanisms for chemoresistance

• br AR signaling and urothelial cancer progression

  2025-03-29

  

  AR signaling and urothelial cancer progression As shown in other types of malignancies, such as prostate cancer cells, it has been documented that androgens induce AR expression and its nuclear translocation as well as ARE promoter activity in urothelial cancer cells (Chen et al., 2003, Izumi et 

• While there is structural information on the

  2025-03-29

  

  While there is structural information on the core of the amyloid fibril, less is known about oligomer structure. There is evidence that the C-terminal of Aβ may form beta barrels in some oligomer species (Tay et al., 2013, Do et al., 2016), or may exist as loosely aggregated strands in other oligome

• Aprotinin The findings from our previous study indicate that

  2025-03-28

  

  The findings from our previous study indicate that mitochondrial biogenesis of astrocytes is increased under experimental septic condition [25]. Recent studies have shown that IL-6 can activate AMPK by increasing the concentration of AMP [26], while AMPK regulates mitochondrial biogenesis and autoph

• Akt is another upstream kinase known to phosphorylate

  2025-03-28

  

  Akt is another upstream kinase known to phosphorylate AMPK Ser489 in response to high insulin levels [7], [21]. HepG2 2X Taq PCR Master Mix (with dye) show an increase in phosphorylation of AMPK at Ser485 when incubated with either insulin or troglitazone individually (Fig. 5A and C). Despite this

• br Perspectives br Acknowledgments This

  2025-03-27

  

  Perspectives Acknowledgments This investigation was supported by a Research Grant 2010/01385-5 from FAPESP (Sao Paulo Research Foundation, Brazil). P.F.S. was recipient of a CNPq (National Council for Scientific and Technological Development, Brazil) productivity grant. R.F.A. was recipient of

• TCEP hydrochloride br Alzheimer s disease AD is an irreversi

  2025-03-26

  

  Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an irreversible, age-associated neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by progressive memory loss and cognitive decline. AD is also the leading cause of dementia, accounting for 5 million cases in the United States and 44 million cases worldwide. In 2015, AD c

• Some of the mechanisms that

  2025-03-26

  

  Some of the mechanisms that involve 12-LOX as a potential pathogenic enzyme are illustrated in Fig. 2. Direct β cell effects associated with the stimulation of 12-LOX activity include the activation of second messengers c-Jun N-terminal kinase and p38 MAPK, both of which show increased phosphorylati

• Based upon these findings the S lipoxygenase seems to increa

  2025-03-26

  

  Based upon these findings, the 12S-lipoxygenase seems to increase membrane excitability by specifically inhibiting M-type K+ channels. The 12S-lipoxygenase is expressed in many parts of mammalian Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) including the cerebrum, cerebellum, hypothalamus, basal ganglia, hippocampu

• While the mechanisms by which ALDH regulates cardiac respons

  2025-03-03

  

  While the mechanisms by which ALDH2 regulates cardiac responses to pathological stress remain unclear, the capillary rarefaction found in pressure-overloaded ALDH2 Tg hearts provides potential clues. Loss of capillary density and diminished endothelial function occur in pathological hypertrophy [46]

• Liver plays a pivotal role in metabolism

  2025-03-03

  

  Liver plays a pivotal role in metabolism of xenobiotic compounds, such as environmental contaminants and drugs. Some of these compounds generate hepatic damage and impair its function. It was well-known that 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) could induce pathological changes in mouse and ra

• It has been reported that HT R involves in

  2025-03-03

  

  It has been reported that 5-HT2R involves in type 2 diabetes mellitus and 5-HT-induced IR [22,23]. The present study also demonstrated that it is 5-HT2R rather than other 5-HT receptors, including 5-HT1BR and 5-HT7R, in the liver that mediates HFD-induced abnormality of hepatic lipid metabolism, and

• Moreover an increase of extracellular calcium

  2025-03-03

  

  Moreover, an increase of extracellular calcium stimulates BMP-2 expression of pulp cytoskeleton via L-type calcium channel and ERK signaling, which can be attenuated by PD98059 and nifedipine . Dental pulp cells expressed little calcium-sensing receptors . immunohistochemistry staining also shows

• The results also showed that

  2025-03-03

  

  The results also showed that the A3 receptor agonist increased the phosphorylated levels of Akt, leading to activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway. A3 Gingerol therapeutic use stimulation has protective effects against RGC death following ischemia-reperfusion, glutamate toxicity, and optic nerve transec

• Regarding A Rs and A ARs basal

  2025-03-03

  

  Regarding A1Rs and A2ARs, basal conditions generate a low tone of endogenous adenosine and cause A1R activation, in contrast to situations of increased adenosine where A2AR activation becomes dominant. When adenosine concentrations rise, e.g. during hypoxia, also time appears likely important in reg

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